There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "EIU Democracy Index 2020 - World Democracy Report", "5. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. Examples of Fascism. 15 worst dictators of 20th century and their horrific massacres In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. 10. 31 Synonyms & Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP - Merriam-Webster Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. 8. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" Dictatorship: Its Types and Reasons | by Old Times - Medium The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. List of Top 10 Most Brutal Dictators in Modern History - History Lists A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders - YouTube Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. [1]:70. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. Countries that start with: Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. Political participation: 2.22. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. 10 African countries That are currently ruled by dictators. Dictatorship Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. Dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries, & Facts | Britannica Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. Which countries have dictatorship government? - Sage-Answers [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. [1]:70. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. List of Cons of Dictatorships. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. 10 Biggest Countries Ruled by Dictators - Insider Monkey [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. Equatorial Guinea. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. [according to whom? Political culture: 5.00. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. [1]:68. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Types. Latin American Dictators - Leaders in Complete Control - ThoughtCo The 21 most authoritarian regimes in the world Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. Which countries have military dictatorship? - Studybuff Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project Laos (since 1975) [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. " As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. Military Dictatorship: Definition and Examples - ThoughtCo He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. 5. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens.
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