festinger and carlsmith experiment quizletfestinger and carlsmith experiment quizlet

The difference .between the One Dollar and Control conditions is not impressive at all (t = 1.21). Putting these 11 in exception, the 60 remaining responses are the following: One of the questions that Festinger and Carlsmith were aiming to answer is how enjoyable were the tasks for the participants. Behaviorists would have predict that a reinforcement 20 times bigger would produce more change. Dr. Nekita Fuller Kenneth Boulding, an economist and past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, described a pattern that relates to cognitive dissonance. The fact that a social role can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior points to _____as a major contributor to aggression. Relat., 1953, 6, 185-214. The highest t value for any of these differences is only 0.48. Introducing Cram Folders! The participants were interviewed afterwards and were asked to rate the experiment in four areas (Cognitive Dissonance). Or is there something more nuanced at play? Festinger explained it this way in A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (1957): The existence of dissonance, being psychologically uncomfortable, will motivate the person to try to reduce the dissonance and achieve consonance. Betty writes a letter to her senator asking for support of a law making corporations responsible for the pollution they cause. <>stream The dissonance could, consequently, be reduced by magnifying the importance of this cognition. Take it with you wherever you go. Cognitive dissonance is when we experience conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes. What are some practical implications of cognitive dissonance theory? In Festinger and Carlsmith's experiment, 11 of the 71 responses were considered invalid for a couple of reasons. The more you see someone, the more likely you are to _____ that person. Prejudice, s Stereotypes are defined as particular beliefs or assumptions about a human being based on their association with a group (Spielman, 2014, p.225). Psychol., 1954, 49, 211-218. Similarly, the knowledge that he has said "not X" is consonant with (does fit together with) those cognitive elements corresponding to the reasons, pressures, promises of rewards and/or threats of punishment which induced him to say "not X. What is the reason for the lack of action, according to Darley and Latane? Festinger and Carlsmith argued that subjects who were paid onJy $1.00 to lie to another person experienced "cognitive dissonance." According to Festinger (1957), people experience cognitive dissonance when they simultaneously hold two thoughts that are psychologically inconsistent (i.e., thoughts that feel contradictory or incompatible in some . 0 Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. % On the other hand, the people who were paid $20 had the monetary reason to lie. Jeff is assuming a, Cheryl got a bad grade on her test, which she attributes to the fact that she had to work overtime throughout the week and so could not study as much as usual. This has many practical implications. Her improved performance is an example of. The true purpose of the experiment was then explained to the S in detail, and the reasons for each of the various steps in the experiment were explained carefully in relation to the true purpose. Oct. 2011. "Fight acts, not feelings," is the banner of anti-racist social scientists. In Sternberg's model, intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present in, The area of the brain that controls aggressive responses is the, Zimbardo's prison experiment lasted only five days because, of the extreme effect it was having on the participants, Ryan sees a woman collapse in the mall. Fritz Heider developed _______ to explain why people choose the particular explanations of behavior that they do. This is an example of which rule of attraction? One of the major weaknesses of the data is that not all subjects in the experiment made an overt statement contrary to their private opinion in order to obtain the offered reward. Ben Franklin gave some peculiar advice that makes sense in the context of cognitive dissonance theory. How can you get someone to like you, according to Ben Franklin? Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) conducted one of the first studies examining cognitive dissonance. The difference between the One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions is significant at the .03 level (t = 2.22). Maria had fallen victim to the_______technique. . You must turn off your ad blocker to use Psych Web; however, we are taking pains to keep advertising minimal and unobtrusive (one ad at the top of each page) so interference to your reading should be minimal. Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. Chris is showing, Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. Which communicator would likely be most persuasive? 2. exam 2 Flashcards | Chegg.com I hope you did enjoy it. There is another possible way, however. Boulding, K. E. (1969) The grants economy. This is an example of, The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to. Our identity is in part created by identifying ourselves with the organization or the community for which the sacrifices have been made. Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) investigated if making people perform a dull task would create cognitive dissonance through forced compliance behavior. The hour which the S spent working on the repetitive, monotonous tasks was intended to provide, for each S uniformly, an experience about which he would have a somewhat negative opinion. The other fraction was given the option to take the place of the experimenter, which required them to give an interesting explanation to the next group. The first area is whether the tasks were interesting and enjoyable at all. Which situation would be last likely to result in a decrease of prejudice? The difference between the One Dollar condition (+1.20) and the Control condition (-.62) is significant at the .08 level (t = 1.78). Would the subject be willing to do a small favor for the experimenter? In this way, they propose, the person who is forced to improvise a speech convinces himself. The same logic applies to selfish concerns such as getting other people to respect you. The results on this question are shown in the second row of figures in Table 1. Furthermore, since the pressure to reduce dissonance will be a function of the magnitude of the dissonance, the observed opinion change should be greatest when the pressure used to elicit the overt behavior is just sufficient to do it. 3. When the S arrived for the experiment on "Measures of Performance" he had to wait for a few minutes in the secretary's office. The concept of aggression as a basic human instinct driving people to destructive acts was part of early_____theory. It has received widespread attention after recently being published in an academic journal. It is clear from examining the table that, in all cases, the Twenty Dollar condition is slightly higher The differences are small, however, and only on the rating of "amount of time" does the difference between the two conditions even approach significance. Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Thus, with self-selection of who did and who did not make the required overt statement and with varying percentages of subjects in the different conditions who did make the requsted statement, no interpretation of the data can be unequivocal. One way in which the dissonance can be reduced is for the person to change his private opinion so as to bring it into correspondence with what he has said. New York Times, p.C1. They were instructed to put spools onto and off the try with only one hand for half an hour, and then turn 48 square pegs clockwise for the next half hour. Subjects paid $1 were enthusiastic about their lies, and were successful in convincing others that the experiment's activities were interesting. When her boyfriend refuses, she asks, "Well, will you at least wash the dishes then?" If no factors other than his private opinion are considered it would follow, at least in our culture, that if he believes "X" he would publicly state "X." According to Festinger and Carlsmith, the participants experienced dissonance between the conflicting cognitions of telling someone that a particular task is interesting when the truth is, they found it rather uninteresting and boring. What is more, as one might expect, the percentage of subjects who complied increased as the size of the offered reward increased. if( window.canRunAds === undefined ){ New York: Harper & Row. /T 679093 In the third element of social identity theory, people use _______ to improve their self-esteem. 0000013918 00000 n Through the lens of cognitive dissonance theory, however, the explanation was a bit different. In these circumstances, the object of sacrifice becomes "sacred" and it is in a position to demand further sacrifices. Which of the following was NOT a component of Robert Sternberg's theory of love? The second area is whether the experiment gave the participant an opportunity to discover their own skills, using the scale of 0 to 10. those paid $1 changed their opinion more to reduce dissonance while those paid $20 had a motivational reason to enjoy the task so they experienced less dissonance, people change their opinions to reduce dissonance when they are forced to do something they dont like, Lab experiment with interview; independent sample design, Leon Festinger and Merrill Carlsmith (1959), Psych 203 Thoughts out of tune festinger and, Tversky and Kahneman 1981 biases in thinking, Topic Two: Population and Community Ecology, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. According to Sternberg's theory, when intimacy and passion are combined the result is _____, which is often the basis for a more lasting relationship. If the results of our experiment are to be taken as strong corroboration of the theory of cognitive dissonance, this possible alternative explanation must be dealt with. In the famous Festinger experiment, participants were paid either $1 or $20 to lie to a woman in the waiting room about how interesting the task really was. Why are black people stopped by police more than white people? moderate; information about how to prevent the fearful consequences. After the debate, students expressed beliefs closer to their debate position than before (Scott, 1957). 0000000015 00000 n They will decide they wanted to do it anyway, or that maybe it was a good idea, in retrospect. Thus, if the overt behavior was brought about by, say, offers of reward or threats of punishment, the magnitude of dissonance is maximal if these promised rewards or threatened punishments were just barely sufficient to induce the person to say "not X." Rating scale 0 to 10. His task was to turn each peg a quarter turn clockwise, then another quarter turn, and so on. hXr8=fj*!US%mfy l8oIbR0Bn t7!g] %>))BI0` 98sUx GHM. Hence, his cognition of his private belief is dissonant with his cognition concerning his actual public statement. For example, one way would be for the S to magnify for himself the value of the reward he obtained. He then said: The E then took the S into the secretary's office where he had previously waited and where the next S was waiting. The present experiment was listed as a two-hour experiment dealing with "Measures of Performance.". endstream In Asch's black line experiment, participants. Cognitive Dissonance. This automatic assumption about the student's personality is an example of, The process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of other people is called. oldfinal.rtf - Psychological Sciences The presence of others is especially important in influencing helping behavior when a situation is, Once someone has taken responsibility to help, the next step in the decision-making process is. Lilly's mother always listens to the classic rock station on her car radio, so Lilly has grown up hearing that music and noticing how much her mother enjoys it. These recordings were transcribed and then rated, by two independent raters, on five dimensions. Festinger and Carlsmith experiment A study conducted in which people were offered money to express attitudes that they did not hold; people who were offered big sums justified their behavior by the money but people who were offered smaller sums changed their attitudes to make them more consistent with their behavior Intro to Social psy chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

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